The isogeometric paradigm employs basis functions from computer-aided design (CAD) for numerical analysis. Since the material erosion technique is no more necessary, the simulation of the material failure processes becomes very effective and stable. These two numerical methods share a common feature in modeling the 3D material failure using a bond-based failure mechanism. The Peridynamics method is another compelling method for brittle fracture analysis in isotropic materials as well as certain composites such as CFRP.
The smoothed particle Galerkin (SPG) method is a new Lagrangian particle method for simulating the severe plastic deformation and material rupture taken place in ductile material failure.
